The Manager and Competition

“Can you believe it that we have got a new competitor on the block,” Naoeme greeted Susan her long time business partner. The two ladies run a restaurant that specialized in hot African buffets. For a long time, theirs was the talk of town as it attracted all the big wigs in town. Patrons loved Super restaurant for sumptuous African foods and the ambiance. But most importantly the charm of the two business ladies brought over customers from near and far.

However, over time competitors seeing the lucrative market in food retail service industry had started to attack. Super restaurant that used to be full to the brim was now on certain days half empty. What hurt most is that a number of customers were migrating to the competitors.

Naomi felt that the new restaurant was yet another uncalled for intruder to their business. Soon she started to fight off competition. One of her favorite tricks was to tempt staff away from the new business by doubling their pay. However, this had an effect of eroding her gross profit and with time Super Restaurant was struggling to meet payroll.

Meanwhile her partner Susan was proposing a different and more proactive strategy.  She offered that, “we save money and buy new furniture since all the new business have better seats.” Another was, “let us take out a loan and hire an expert Chef on contract to improve our menu.” But for Naome this was nonsense. There were better ways to beat competition.  “If you can’t beat them; well, kill them!” was her mantra. She went around and paid a bribe to the utility providers who inflated the bills of their competitors. She even talked to the tax collectors to fine a penalty against her competitors.

But these strategies failed to stop the decline. Even some of the new staff hired started leaving due to delayed salaries. Soon the business was seriously running out of cash and on the verge of collapse.

How to beat competition 

If you have something good and working be sure that someone is watching and get ready for competition. It is only a matter of time. How you react is also going to determine how you beat off competition. Whereas competition is a vote of confidence in one’s enterprise, quite naturally many people resent it. The attitude of Naome is typical of so many.

Coca- cola and change

Around 1981 in the Philippines, Coca-Cola, was lagging behind 2 to I in sales against Pepsi. There was talk of her shutting down and moving elsewhere. In comes Nevile Isdel, an Irish-born native of Zambia, who in his book Inside Coca Cola shares how he beat off competition. Simply, he modernized outdated plants, energized the sales team with better incentives, launched a new local advertising campaign, created more products to meet the different market segments and brought in new talent. And by 1983 Coca Cola had taken the lead, being one of the fastest turn around in the soft drink industry.

In brief, competition is not necessarily bad. It spurs innovation and helps bring the cost of products and services down as companies battle for customers. The one who hates competition is a monopolist but such is only buying time before it is all broken up.

The Manager and Business Revival

Once the lockdown ended Menvu decided to open up his hotel which had been closed along Bijanjaro road. As expected through the time of closure there were no customers calling. However, with lockdown over, it was time to get the business up and running.

During the first few weeks, Menvu noticed that only a trickle of customers stopped by. He waited for the next week and there was no improvement. A thought then occurred to him that perhaps it was best to call up some of the customers he knew. He was quite surprised with the response he got.

Some of the customers he found were not aware that the hotel had opened, but since they had heard from him now they would visit. There were those who were not sure of the SPOs in place. “If I come,” asked one customer. “Won’t I catch the dreaded disease? How are you going to protect me!”

“We have all the protocols in place!” Menvu assured his customers. He had put in place extensive arrangements such as sanitizers and gun temperatures to ensure the hotel was well covered. The seating in the dining was spread out to limit physical contact. “We have also hired a nurse to make sure none of our customers is affected by someone falling ill!”

“I will come,” several customers offered so, having been assured all was well.

However, Menvu found those who wanted to know if the hotel prices were still the same. “How much are the rooms going?” a customer asked. Menvu had had to increase pricing of his products to cater for the new social protection safeguards. Besides, he had lost business during the lockdown and needed to find a way to recover some of lost income. But then he found his customers were not ready to embrace the new pricing.

To get them back Menvu decided to retain price at the same level. “After all, I am not sure if they will come back!” he reasoned. “Best to first get them in!”

Under this strategy, the hotel recovered. Business started slowly but by the end of the year had fully recovered to previous performance level.

How to recover your business when it has been under closure is a question many business owners are now grappling with. Take the example of a school owner that has been under closure since March, 2020! Should the owner just sit back and wait for his former students to show up. Suppose they do not.

To recover a business one may have to be more ingenious than just assuming that your old customers will pick up from where they left. As we see Menvu has had to make adjustments in order to secure his clients and put also several measure in place. In brief, it is not business as usual.

A very important development has been the use of technology as one way to communicate with customers. In an age where physical distancing is the norm a business may have to incorporate new measures like having meetings online. New services like costumer delivery could help reach out to customers fearful of coming to company premises.

Uganda loses a retired peaceful citizen through riots: John Kittobe ( 1949-2020)

John Kittobe, my old and close colleague at Uganda Management Institute (UMI) who was shot dead on November 18th during riots, shall continue to live in the hearts of many who knew him. Although it is easy to say that he was shot accidentally, by a stray bullet, after having seen some videos of targeted shooting of unarmed civilians, by hate- filled goons, I, for one, shall not buy into that. A brilliant accountant who served his nation honorably including teaching many accountants and public servants lost his life needlessly at the hands of cold assassins.

I can’t recall exactly when we first met. Together in the 2000s we served on the staff of UMI and shared an office on the same floor. But he was in a different department and we rarely interacted. What struck me was that he was much older, looked a bit stern and, usually came to work in a white short-sleeved shirt, always with a necktie fitted, typical of British trained accountants.

One day an event brought us closer. I represented academic staff on the council. A matter was presented and I had a different view. I canvassed for support and this is how we started a long friendship. Council had proposed an ecumenical prayer to be read at the start of every business meeting. I felt strongly that even in public institutions anyone should not be constrained in their prayers with a written script from the high.

After that event, which we lost, John and I started a lunch hour Christian fellowship, not without opposition, but which has persisted. As head of Higher Degrees Department he saw to the graduation of hundreds of students with Masters degree. He started the MBA degree program, a project we worked on together and, gave us much fulfillment when it finally came to fruition and the first class started.

Other than academics we often met to talk about life. What drew me closer to John was that we shared as much concern about Uganda. “Where is this country headed!” many times waiting for traffic to clear, overlooking the busy Jinja road, we discussed Uganda with lamentation.

About 2012 John decided to retire from UMI as I also decided to move to a different work station. We kept in touch rather infrequently. But in 2018 we bumped into each other on a plane out of Entebbe. John and his wife, Lois, were en route to visit a son, Michael, who worked in the US. I moved seat, sat next to him and Lois. We talked and laughed most of the way. As he had always done he told me all about his children. He was so proud of their achievements. At Brussels, we took different flight routes, my last sight of him smiling back, a happily retired man relaxed and at peace with a Scottish cap on.

In the course of our friendship John used to share with me much of his interesting life story. He was a brilliant boy who started at Mushanga Boys school in 1957. This was a Catholic school and one of the requirements was to confess Catholicism. Kittobe’s family was of the Anglican faith. But to get education he agreed to be baptized in the Catholic church taking the names of John Mary.

He emerged as one of the best five students during the national junior exams in the western region. This earned him a place at the elite St Mary’s College, Kisubi. But his time there was unhappy and short lived. “I was coming from a humble background,” he once told me, “and there was this Brother who kept harassing me for lack of shoes. I had one distinct woolen shirt which the well off Baganda boys kept teasing me.” After one year he decided to relocate to the nearby but equally demanding Ntare School. There he skipped a class to join Makerere University in the B.Com class of 1972.

“My class had the likes of Robert Rutagi once General Manager of National Medical Stores,” he told me, “and the former Minister Hon Sydia Bumba!” After graduating John would go on to have a remarkable career. He served as Chief Accountant for Agricultural Enterprises and Director of Finance at Uganda Red Cross.

John loved sharing knowledge and in 1984 he went to UK where he graduated with an MBA from the University of Leeds, two years later. He soon started teaching finance and accounting at the Faculty of Commerce, Makerere University before finally moving to UMI where he retired.

One reason that enabled John take what many thought was early retirement was because he had invested well in real estate. “In my first job I was housed in an apartment in in the suburb of Kololo,” once he shared with me while visiting in his office. “This is why I believe environment matters a lot. My eyes opened as I realized I too could start saving and build one of those mansions there.” He was a man of action and commenced to buy land in Naguru where he raised a mansion. He would go on to build on that a number of properties in town.

There are two most fitting description of John’s 71 years. He was a family man very devoted to his wife, six children and 11 grandchildren. He was also a committed Christian who diligently served his church. Before moving to St Luke’s church, Ntinda he was a member of All Saints church where he served on the Council and as a warden.

John’s spiritual journey had a curious beginning. Once during one of those never ending upheavals in Uganda he survived a grenade attack that was lobed at him. After that miraculous escape he committed his life to Jesus Christ as a personal savior.

On Wednesday, November 18th, John started the day by having breakfast with his family, as he normally did. He then drove to Mabirizi shopping plaza to purchase certain items. Earlier in the day, unknown to him, one of the political candidates in the on going Presidential election campaigns, Robert Kyagulanyi, had suddenly been arrested by security forces, sparking off riots. Just as he went quietly about his chores John was hit by a bullet from nowhere. Later in the day, about 3 pm, Lois, whom he married in 1976, received the most dreaded of calls. There was a stranger on John’s line. The caller without much wasting told her John’s body was in the Mulago hospital mortuary.

In 1894 the British cobbled together a nation and which with as much imagination threw in a name for her to be called Uganda. As was a project, half a century later, they handed it back to the natives to self-govern, in its haphazard nature and with all its grand set of odd characters and strange circumstances of birth. Since then she has been at it, plucking the lives of many of her innocent children, through incessant wars and riots. The list of those assassinated and murdered in never ceasing political wars could stretch as far as the Nile. Maybe one day she will settle down and peace will too shine here. But for now it is but a distant dream.

During our time together almost every Friday afternoon, I knew John to put on his cap, and drive quietly down to the place of his birth, where he had a farm. But on the Friday of November 20th it was the body of my friend prematurely driven down, in this running sad tale, of our nation, Uganda. Rest in peace brother John!

Why mindset change pays

The village of Kaweke was known as the poorest in the country, but it was not for lack of trying. Though blessed of rich loamy soils, a two-rain cycle, and evergreen, it had since sunk into a dusty village paralyzed with poverty and diseases like jiggers. Some wondered why.

For one thing, Kaweke people were always quick to embrace new ideas, though they soon gave up, for not realizing fruits soon after. That is how they had given up on coffee, once a promising crop that they had left to waste due to lack of good care. After abandoning coffee many tried vanilla, a creeping plant that everyone promised was the new gold. It started well, but when a glut on the market made prices fall, everyone gave up on vanilla.Then they rushed into rabbit farming. This was embraced with full zest. But as rabbit meat was a new delicacy in the country faced with low demand, everyone soon gave up on rabbit farming.

They were all kinds of speculation as to what was amiss. Some said Kaweke was a village cursed with evil spirits. Indeed, there was a medicine man, Manyondo, with the only car, whose job was to ward off evil spirits chaining people in drenching poverty. There was always a line at his shrine waiting on him. Manyondo attributed poverty to evil spirits.

One day a man called Alaba came and settled in Kaweke but with what many soon recognized were strange ideas. Where others moaned that Kaweke was a cursed village he told whoever cared to listen that it was one of the richest places on the planet earth. “I have never seen a place like this,” Alaba said. “What can you plant here and it fails to grow? The problem is you people just want quick money. Anything can turn out well if only people here were a little more patient, worked hard and remained focused.”

“Alaba must be a government agent,” the villagers started spreading a rumor. “We all know it is government that has made us poor yet he says the problem is with us.”

A chance for Alaba to prove his point came when a community organization started a programme to donate heifers to each household to produce milk for sale. When it was announced that the cows would be given free of charge, everyone in Kaweke was ecstatic. “Poverty is over!” cheers were heard. The news spread like wildfire. On the promised day, everyone turned up at Kaweke trading center. The villagers sat excitedly in a shade in anticipation, each expecting to go back home with a big heifer. But when the organizers turned up empty-handed there were gasps of shock and voices of protest.

“Are you people conmen,” Katuuzi, who reeked of alcohol in the early morning hours bellowed? “Where are the heifers you promised us?” He was joined by others. “We want heifers! We have come for heifers!” “Allow me to say something!” said Sarah, a short dark-skinned community organizer, standing in black gumboots. “We came to list those interested in training. Before we give you a heifer you must first go through three months of how to look after this animal. We call it mindset change training.”

“Who will pay for this training?” a voice was heard from the back. “Shall you give us food to eat when training us!” someone else screamed. “You lied to us that you were going to give us free heifers,” a man stood up agitated. “Did you say you want to alter our minds with poisonous ideas!”

Disappointed, one by one, the villagers marched out in a file. Most were men. Soon it was only Alaba left with about a dozen women, most of who held on to the hope of finally owning a heifer. These were listed and told to report for training five days in a week. On the first day, a dozen reported. Sarah took them through her lessons on animal husbandry and household economic management. Alaba sat in front, taking notes. He would often raise his hands asking Sarah to go slowly and explain carefully each point he hadn’t understood.

“You are delaying us,” one villager came and confronted Alaba during lunch break. “These lessons are boring. All we want is to get a heifer.” One by one, the villagers started dropping out of the training. By the time the three months were over, only half a dozen were left. It is these who received a heifer. When those who had dropped out, led by Katuuzi, heard so, they scoffed back. “See that was a trick! Those people didn’t have heifers and had to find a way to get rid of us.”

Having got his, Alaba found looking after a heifer was some hard work. One had to get up early to look for pasture, feed and tidy the animal shed. The heifer would suffer all manner of sickness; to forestall, it required constant spraying against ticks. Alaba did all. But most of others who had received heifers complained that it was too much work. Whenever a heifer would fall sick, they would call on Sarah, “Your animal is sick. Come and look after your heifer.”

Once when Sarah showed up and started by going over lessons of good animal care, an irate beneficiary hissed back, ”Don’t again give me those mind-altering lessons. All I want is my milk to sell and be happy! I have too many children to look after and my husband long left me.” In no time almost every villager had dropped out, except Alaba. Eventually Alaba’s heifer started producing milk, which he sold at the health center. The demand was great that Alaba took on another heifer. From his income Alaba started improving his household welfare. He bought himself a new bicycle and raised a new brick house with iron sheets from his profits.

And that is when his other problems started. No one talked to Alaba anymore as his life situation improved. At the drinking station Katuuzi, who was notorious for beating up every woman he took home, shared the report,” That man is a government agent. How do you get a new bicycle these days!” Around that time a young man called Pastor Afunna came to Kaweke. He opened up a church built of iron sheets enclosures with a few rickety benches inside. Pastor Afunna started preaching to the villagers what they had always believed was the cause of their endemic problems – flying evil spirits. “But I have got the right answers better than Manyondo.” He promised that those who “sowed money” into his mighty church he would pray for deliverance from those tormenting spirits of poverty.

For some reason, this message swept Kaweke village like wildfire. Finally, someone had found the keys to end the poverty of villagers. When they failed to get the money Pastor Afunna would challenge his parishioners to donate him their land. “Just transfer your title into my names,” he convinced one couple, “and all your family problems will be done with.”

And, with time, Pastor Afunna’s condition improved, as most of the villagers, remained trapped in poverty. He became one of the largest landowners in Kaweke. Once one person was walking out of Pastor Afunna’s church and saw Alaba who had graduated to a motorcycle from selling milk, riding by. “But how come, he rides!”
“You know Alaba is a government agent,” said one villager lamely.

In love with the do it yourself culture

Culture shock can happen two ways. Very often it is a term used to describe foreigners visiting other nations and the shock that greets them at encountering ways so unfamiliar. I have had my own culture shock experiences. Once visiting in Thailand I found almost every building has an image of Budha encircled with food supplements. The faithful wake up to feed a range of statues. And oh, by the way, one day while stepping on to a bus in Paris, I saw a male couple lost in a long and tight kiss, which made me pause, stumble before I hastened on my way.

Those who have lived away from home for a while can return to their nations and find ways they were once accustomed to as unfamiliar too. For instance, having got accustomed to strict timekeeping, some would be shocked to find that setting an appointment for 2 pm means actually somewhere after 3 pm, going on to up to 5 pm! To wade in these new waters and find the peace they must adjust quickly.

Like any, I went through motions of a culture shock having been away for a while. For one, I had gotten used to living in concrete cities where the dust hardly settled on your shoes. But back in “kafufu” city, it was a bit of a shock to see so much red dust, almost everywhere I went. Some shock to the system.

When I visited my Bazeeyi ( parents) it came to me as a shock to find there was a live- in helper. I had sort of forgotten our city home had always had one. Staying out of the country, I had long gotten used to life without one. In fact, as I found, in America it is rare to find a home with a live-in helper. Even the elderly struggle to have live-in nursing assistants. Most, if their condition has deteriorated, would simply be moved to a full nursing facility. Price had to do much to do with it. Every pair of hands you hired came with a price and who could afford it.

To get on in America, I, as most people, did my laundry, cooked my food, vacuumed my abode and when I drove my car to the petrol station, I would fill in the petrol myself, before heading to the pay register. It was a life of “do-it- yourself, or DIY!” And I liked it. Perhaps the only time you asked for help was when you had to ask for someone to help you jump start your car on a freezing morning. But folks just went about life pleasantly doing things by themselves.Once I set up my house and started a family I struggled with the part of getting a helper.“But I can do all these things by myself,” I argued with my wife. “We don’t need someone watching over us!” But then with babies and a demanding job, it was a lost cause trying to sustain my view.

Now the children are teenagers. It’s hard to make a case for a maid when they can do lots of stuff by themselves – house mop or cook food. We still have an outside helper, who comes in once a while to help us get by, which is all right. But not as a live-in member of the household. Now I know some people would think of me as mean. “After all there is so much cheap labour around,” a friend once shared why he sticks to half a dozen pair of hands looking after him. “You are creating employment whenever you hire these people.”

One of the distinctions between the developed countries and developing ones is an abundance of cheap labor in the latter. We have heard of expatriates who when their terms of service ended hesitated to head back home because they would lose all these helpers and gardeners, which they could not afford back home. It’s a culture shock when people here see Prime Ministers, especially of Nordic countries, riding to work. Here big officials are driven with a coterie of guards! It is called creating employment.

Yet sometimes I wonder how long such a world of plenty of cheap labour will last? How long will there be someone to lift those grocery bags from the car to the house? You see, as any nation develops the price of labor is bound to increase, and hiring extra help would become more costly. The reason why kindergartens have exploded, of late, was not much for knowledge but more to act as daycare facilities, since folks are busy away at their jobs. Helpers are becoming too costly, and if they come, don’t last, anyway. After all they can offer their labor elsewhere for a higher price, including going to the Middle East.

This is why I like the DIY culture. Why not fix things and do those small jobs which are in my power! And perhaps even if I didn’t like it, soon, the way things are going, I won’t have much choice anyway.

Dr Moses Kizza Musaazi (1950- 2018)

Early this year in April 2018, Dr. Musazi was called into chair interviews of a board he led where I was on the committee too. He got to the office ahead of everyone, sat quietly in the boardroom, as he normally did. But as we exchanged greetings I could see that the over six-foot-tall gentleman had lost much of his weight and was not as agile as in the past. I had known him to walk to almost to any meetings in parts of Kampala from Makerere University where he had worked in the Faculty of Technology since 1975 as a fresh graduate Tutorial Assistant. He now seemed in pain to do the thing he loved so much

When we broke off for lunch, standing in the line waiting to be served he waved gently to me: “Have you noticed we do not have a warmer that keeps our served matooke soft. We need to come up with one such food warmer!” I nodded. Then he went on. “How come also people here are still peeling matooke using knives- by now we should have an automated slicer that can peel a dozen in seconds!” At that point, he started demonstrating with his hands the kind of object he had in mind.

Always his mind was racing with ideas for new inventions. Some years back Dr. Musazi had noticed that many girls were dropping out of school rather prematurely. He discovered that a major driver was the lack of sanitary pads. As he shared with me once in his sparse office, littered with an investor’s toolbox and various artifacts “I found most of the pads on the market were not accessible to our girls due to cost.” He set to work. Soon he came up with MakaPads towels- 75% cheaper than those on the market and produced from abundant papyrus and 95% biodegradable!

Dr. Musazi’s innovations were mainly motivated to save the environment which he cared for deeply. An area that disturbed him was how we use so much waste in putting up buildings in Uganda. For instance, the cement bricks that take up a lot of lime and water are not infinite resources. So he came up with interlocking dirt bricks which use less water and rely much on our soil. They also do not need to be fired like those on the market where one has to cut down sparse trees, build a kiln, which bellows out smoke affecting builders and the environment. It was a work of a genius as he one day demonstrated to me how these dirt bricks could hold up any structure.

From the times of Galileo, innovators have always been met with skepticism. Dr. Musazi’s inventions were not spared. Since his specialty was electrical engineering he shared with me how one accusation was over how could he come up with something, not in his field. “There was one professor from civil engineering who one day stormed here and started knocking hard my bricks with a hammer because he could not believe they could hold!” I wish you saw the look of mixed disgust and amusement on his calm face.

Yet behind his calm and soft-spoken personality was the steel resolve of the Wright brothers who came up with an airplane. He noticed that dairy farmers were losing a lot due to the poor preservation of milk and he came up with a more efficient pasteurization coolant. Seeing how we waste water here he went on to invent rainwater harvesting tanks and solar water heaters. One of his most remarkable inventions was an incinerator that turns Medical waste into ash, produce steam for electricity and sterile water. In his late sixties, he was young at heart and it seemed often like he was just starting out.

Initially ignored at last the world came to know and recognize this unassuming man whom you could easily pass as he walked about Kampala to various construction sites. For over three decades he lived in a simple townhouse on Makerere hill where he raised his five children with his wife Sarah. Finally, he received numerous local and Global awards like the President’s support to Scientists of $350,000. Most of those proceeds were poured back into his company Technology for the Future.

Yet Dr Musazi was more than a scientist. He was too a deeply civic-minded person and his steady presence was always felt on many boards of parastatals where he sat. Somewhere around 1995, he came into contact with an organization that had been founded to advocate against torture. Uganda was coming out of a ghastly period of gross human rights abuse and many were those who had been tortured for their political views. It irked him the things humans could do to each other to suppress those who do not share the same views. But then this organization had run into problems arising from mismanagement. International funding had been suspended. Dr. Musaazi was approached and asked by a Dutch funder to help rebuild Africa Center for Torture Victims ( ACTV). And so he did. At no point under his leadership was this organization ever queried on account of being mismanaged. Today it is one of the most prominent voices against torture in Uganda.

I must here add that on the board he chaired was also another spirited civic-minded lady. Dr. Margaret Mungerera, the psychiatrist. They were quite an act to see them artfully carry out their voluntary work. Unfortunately, both have fallen at the peak of their lives due to cruel cancer.

Now, aside from his family, if there was a thing that moved Dr. Musazi most, it was the school that he attended as a young man and shaped much of his values- Kings College Budo. In fact, Dr. Musazi never left Budo. Born to a bus driver and mother who passed on early in his infancy he had come to Budo, not from a privileged family. The story is told about how he traveled on a bicycle from Masaka with school fees for just one term. In the end, he could not afford to travel back home. As luck would have it one of the teachers adopted him to stay behind as a shamba boy. This is how he came to complete his education culminating with a PhD in Electrical Engineering from Imperial College, UK.

In appreciation of what Budo did for him, Dr. Musaazi would pay the school fees of many hard-up kids right from S1 to S6. (At one point he was supporting over a dozen kids in his neighborhood with school fees.) He also served on the Old Budonian Association representing his years and at the last Annual General Meeting as always, though now a bit frail, he attended and jovially sat through all the proceedings chatting with different generations of Budonians.

Because most of his innovations were radical and run against better-established outfits like Procter and Gamble they did not get as much traction. The MakPads would have died if UNHCR had not spotted their ingenuity and bankrolled them. The interlocking dirt bricks have never received as much attention as they deserve. It would now be a far greater loss that he has gone to see all his ideas are left to die. I, therefore, pray that in honoring this great man and his service some of his inventions are taken up by the government of Uganda or Makerere University and rolled out for posterity.

A family man, husband, father to a nation of children, philanthropist, teacher, mentor, environmentalist, entrepreneur, the inventor has left at an hour you wished he could still have lingered and given us more. When he started feeling unwell he walked up and down Kampala clinics and hospitals to discover what was wrong. The initial diagnosis could not point to the cause of his rapidly declining health. In fact, as once he shared with me the doctor’s first thought he had TB. By the time it was discerned it was lung cancer, the bloody monster had wickedly spread. But as with him, he took the news stoically and with a gracious optimistic smile. He even wanted to go for radical treatment in the US till it was decided against that option for no much could be done then.

I chatted with him about a month ago and there was not a shade of self-pity. His spirits remained buoyed, his fertile mind exploring ideas to better the earth. He will be buried today September 20th, 2018 not far from where his parents who left him young are resting.

There has gone a simple man whose contribution to his old nation of Buganda, the troubled country of Uganda, and the world he graced would long outlive him. He truly lived the Budo motto which he carried with him wherever he went shining on his minivan: “Gakyali Mabala! “So little done! So much to do.” Now RIP!